In 2010, as is typical in a new area of research, a group of scientists performed an animal study to test the potential safety and effectiveness of adipose-derived (from fat) stem and regenerative cells (ADRCs) to treat acute kidney disease.

The results were surprisingly positive, demonstrating that ADRC therapy drastically reduced mortality with 100% of the treated mice surviving as compared to 57% that received the placebo (controls). Likewise, the treated mice had significantly reduced serum creatinine levels vs. the controls.^[1]  Since that study, a series of other studies of acute and chronic kidney disease in small and large animals as well as humans have shown that adult stem cells and other regenerative cells from adipose tissue can potentially help to prevent disease progression, lower serum creatinine levels, reverse fibrous scar (fibrosis) and improve blood flow.^{[2] [3] [4]} Human studies have also shown improved kidney function after stem cell treatment.^[5]

Adipose-Derived Stem and Regenerative Cells (ADRCs)

Body fat, medically known as adipose tissue, is an attractive source of stem and regenerative cells due to its accessibility, abundance and potency compared to other tissue sources such as bone marrow, umbilical cord and placenta. ADRCs can be harvested, processed and re-injected at the bedside in a same-day procedure, and through multiple biologic activities, have been used to improve symptoms, function and quality of life in a wide range of conditions, including acute and chronic kidney disease.^{[6] [7]}

دوامة الانحطاط

Chronic degenerative conditions, including renal failure, follow a similar pattern in their disease process.

Trauma, infection, environmental toxins, unhealthy lifestyle choices (e.g. smoking), hereditary factors or a combination of these negative factors can trigger an inflammatory response. This type of inflammation (acute) is essential for repairing the body, and is usually short-lived, disappearing once the healing process has taken place.

There is another type of lingering inflammatory response which becomes chronic, and affects the entire body, becoming systemic.^[8] Systemic inflammation is a common factor in diseases of aging—this covers a broad spectrum of severe, debilitating and, sometimes, life-threatening conditions, again including renal failure.^{[9] [10]}

In the case of degenerative diseases, the chronic inflammation begins a vicious degenerative process. It recruits the immune system, which is there to fight infections and other disease processes, and to assist healing. The cells in the immune system (immune cells) are there to guard the body. When they sense the enemy, they send out troops of pro-inflammatory molecules called “cytokines” to fight them off.  When this process goes out of control, it is called an inflammatory-immune response. This response is tantamount to having a backseat driver who is chronically overreacting while “helping” you drive your car. The immune response then leads to reduced blood flow (ischemia). Without good circulation, cells die off, scars and fibrosis form, tissues and organs degenerate. We call this the Spiral of Degeneration as use it as a framework for understanding some of the key factors of renal disease.

Loss of kidney function corresponds with inflammation affecting the renal (kidney) filtering system and their small blood vessels. Chronic kidney disease is well known to be associated with diabetes and uncontrolled high blood pressure, gradually worsening renal function over time. The early stages are usually without symptoms. Acute kidney disease can be rapidly provoked by an insufficient fluid status (from a variety of conditions) and from some medications.

عملية الإصلاح

من خلال آلية التواصل بين الخلايا المعروفة باسم تأثير الباراكرين، تحشد الخلايا الجذعية المقيمة في الموقع لتعمل بكفاءة أكبر. فهي تقوم بتجنيد أقسام الإطفاء والإنقاذ والإصلاح البيولوجية في الموقع - الخلايا الجذعية المقيمة - لتعود إلى العمل والقيام بدورها.

من خلال تجنيد "مصلحين" إضافيين في الموقع (الخلايا الجذعية المقيمة) للعودة إلى العمل والقيام بدورهم، تقوم الخلايا الجذعية المقيمة بتجميع فريق موسع وتعمل أولاً على تقليل الالتهاب والاستجابات المناعية المفرطة النشاط. وبمجرد أن تتضاءل القيادة الخلفية، تواصل الخلايا الجذعية المقيمة عملها من خلال زيادة الدورة الدموية مع نمو أوعية دموية جديدة، ومنع المزيد من موت الخلايا، ومعالجة النسيج الندبي وتجديد الأنسجة والأعصاب السليمة. هذه هي الطريقة التي يتعافى بها الجسم بشكل طبيعي، ولكن إذا كانت الإهانة الناجمة عن حالة حادة أو مزمنة كبيرة للغاية فإنها تحتاج إلى المساعدة.

We call this the Process of Repair.  It involves the multiple mechanisms of action that are needed to bring the systemic inflammation and immune response back to balance.

AMBROSE Cell Therapy for Kidney Disease

Because the primary factors in the Spiral discussed above are found to be involved with renal failure and the multiple repair mechanisms of the ADRCs have been shown to reverse those effects in this condition as well as a range of other serious conditions, patients with kidney disease can potentially benefit from AMBROSE Cell Therapy.

Animal studies have shown that stem cells reduce acute kidney injury by activating specialized white blood cells that initiate healing and kidney tissue repair, and protect against premature cell aging.^{[11] [12] [13]}

Likewise, stem cell treatment of animal chronic kidney disease has been shown to promote recovery of kidney cell energy production^{[14] [15]}, decrease scarring^[16], and decrease inflammation.^[17]

AMBROSE Cell Therapy represents a minimally invasive treatment option for patients with renal disease. Please contact us for more information about treatment, candidacy and how to become a patient.

[1] زد فنغ وآخرون خلايا جذعية وتجديدية طازجة ومحفوظة بالتبريد وغير مزروعة من الأنسجة الدهنية المستمدة من الأنسجة الدهنية تخفف من إصابة الكلى الحادة الناجمة عن نقص التروية وإعادة ضخ الدم, غسيل الكلى وزراعة الكلى وزراعة الكلى، المجلد 25، العدد 12، 1 ديسمبر 2010، الصفحات 3874-3884

[2] سي دونيزيتي-أوليفيرا علاج الخلايا الجذعية المشتقة من الأنسجة الدهنية يمنع تطور مرض الكلى زرع الخلايا، المجلد 21، ص 1727-1741، 2012

[3] A Eirin et al الخلايا الجذعية الوسيطة الوسيطة المشتقة من الأنسجة الدهنية تحسن نتائج إعادة التوعية، لاستعادة وظيفة الكلى في الخنازير في حالة تصلب الشرايين الكلوية تضيق الشريان الكلوي الخلايا الجذعية. 2012 مايو؛ 30(5): 1030-1041

[4] JJ Rivera-Valdés et al. (2017) Human adipose derived stem cells regress fibrosis in a chronic renal fibrotic model induced by adenine. PLoS ONE 12(12)

[5] El‐Ansary M, Saadi G, Abd El‐Hamid SM. Mesenchymal stem cells are a rescue approach for recovery of deteriorating kidney function. Nephrology 2012;17:650–657.

[6] قوه وآخرون جزء الأوعية الدموية اللحمية: واقع متجدد؟ الجزء 2: المفاهيم الحالية ومراجعة الأدبيات مجلة الجراحة التجميلية والترميمية والتجميلية (2016) 69, 180e188

[7] دكتوراه في الطب JK Fraser و S Kesten MD الخلايا التجددية الذاتية المشتقة من الدهون: منصة للتطبيقات العلاجية التكنولوجيا الجراحية الدولية المتقدمة لالتئام الجروح الجراحية التاسعة والعشرون

[8] S. Amor Inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases Immunology, 129, 154-169

[9] C. Franceschi and J. Campisi الالتهاب المزمن (الالتهاب) ومساهمته المحتملة في الأمراض المرتبطة بالعمر J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014 June;69(S1): S4-S9

[10] Suliman ME, Stenvinkel P. مساهمة الالتهاب في أمراض الأوعية الدموية لدى مرضى أمراض الكلى المزمنة. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2008; 19:329-45

[11] Geng, Y.; Zhang, L.; Fu, B.; Zhang, J.; Hong, Q.; Hu, J.; Li, D.; Luo, C.; Cui, S.; Zhu, F.; et al. Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury via the activation of m2 macrophages. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 2014, 5, 80

[12] Lee, S.J.; Ryu, M.O.; Seo, M.S.; Park, S.B.; Ahn, J.O.; Han, S.M.; Kang, K.S.; Bhang, D.H.; Youn, H.Y. Mesenchymal stem cells contribute to improvement of renal function in a canine kidney injury model. In Vivo 2017, 31, 1115–1124

[13] Rodrigues, C.E.; Capcha, J.M.; de Braganca, A.C.; Sanches, T.R.; Gouveia, P.Q.; de Oliveira, P.A.; Malheiros, D.M.; Volpini, R.A.; Santinho, M.A.; Santana, B.A.; et al. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells protect against premature renal senescence resulting from oxidative stress in rats with acute kidney injury. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 2017, 8, 19

[14] Yoon, Y.M.; Han, Y.S.; Yun, C.W.; Lee, J.H.; Kim, R.; Lee, S.H. Pioglitazone protects mesenchymal stem cells against p-cresol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction via up-regulation of pink-1. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2898

[15] Lira, R.; Oliveira, M.; Martins, M.; Silva, C.; Carvalho, S.; Stumbo, A.C.; Cortez, E.; Verdoorn, K.; Einicker-Lamas, M.; Thole, A.; et al. Transplantation of bone marrow-derived mscs improves renal function and na(+)+k(+)-atpase activity in rats with renovascular hypertension. Cell Tissue Res. 2017, 369, 287–301

[16] Wu, H.J.; Yiu, W.H.; Li, R.X.; Wong, D.W.; Leung, J.C.; Chan, L.Y.; Zhang, Y.; Lian, Q.; Lin, M.; Tse, H.F.; et al. Mesenchymal stem cells modulate albumin-induced renal tubular inflammation and fibrosis. PLoS ONE 2014, 9, e90883

[17] Abdel Aziz, M.T.; Wassef, M.A.; Ahmed, H.H.; Rashed, L.; Mahfouz, S.; Aly, M.I.; Hussein, R.E.; Abdelaziz, M. The role of bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells in attenuation of kidney function in rats with diabetic nephropathy. Diabetol. Metab. Syndr. 2014, 6, 34